What distinguishes behavioral addictions like social media or gaming addiction from substance abuse? Learn the similarities and differences explained psychologically.
What distinguishes “classic” addictions from modern behavioral addictions?
Addiction is not always visible. It is not always about alcohol, drugs or medication. More and more often, Addictions in the form of behaviors – for example Gamble, Online shopping, social media or sportBut what is the difference to classic substance addiction?
And: Why do both forms often feel so similar?
What is substance addiction?
In the case of substance dependence, a physically active substance consumed – e.g. alcohol, cannabis, nicotine or other drugs. The body gets used to the substance, and tolerance (you always need more for the same effect) and often physical withdrawal symptomsif the substance is missing.
Typical is:
- Loss of control over consumption
- Craving
- Continued use despite negative consequences
What is a behavioral addiction?
In behavioral addictions, an action in the spotlight – e.g., constantly checking the news, impulsive shopping, or excessive gaming. Here, too, there are:
- Loss of control
- strong desire
- negative effects on everyday life, relationships, sleep or mood
The difference: No substance is consumed – but the behavior itself acts like a drugIt triggers in the brain similar reward effects (e.g. through dopamine) and can be just as addictive.
Common characteristics
Regardless of substance or behavior – Addiction has many faces, but often a similar function: It serves to to regulate unpleasant feelings, reduce stress or fill emptiness.
Typical characteristics of both forms of addiction:
- You think about it all the time or plan your everyday life around it.
- You lose control over duration or frequency.
- Negative consequences arise (e.g. arguments, money problems, exhaustion).
- You may try to quit, but you can't do it permanently.
Why behavioral addictions are often overlooked
Behavioral addictions often harmless or “normal” – after all, “everyone” uses social media or plays a game. But when life becomes increasingly revolves around behavior and everything else takes a back seat, there may be an addiction behind it.
In addition, behavioral addictions usually lack physical withdrawal symptoms, which often makes the problem less obvious.
Conclusion: Addiction is not just a question of substance
Whether with or without substance use, addiction is a serious psychological burden. If you notice yourself losing control over a behavior or "losing yourself" in it, that's an important warning sign.
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